State s Control Over Sexuality - 2212 Words

In this paper, we will analyze different models of state power and apply them to how the state approaches the issue of HIV/AIDS. We will examine the issue in relation to how the state uses sexuality to control and regulate its population. We will utilize Dean Spade’s principle of â€Å"population-management power† for such ends and contrast it with other models of state power and their shortages when we try to explain the state’s control over sexuality. First, we outline the theoretical framework of power models on which this paper will be built. The conventional way of thinking about oppression usually revolves around laws that discriminate against specific groups because of specific features that are claimed to be â€Å"inherent† and â€Å"wrong† pertaining to that specific group that don’t match the normal view of society of a â€Å"good† citizen. Hence, most of the discourse on the subject of oppression has been dedicated to introd uction or reform of laws that nullify this oppression and advance the status of those oppressed groups in the name of human rights. This is particularly what Dean Spade refers to as the Victim-Perpetrator model of power (Spade 102). Under this model, power operates through subtraction and exclusion from full citizenship. This is evident in exclusionary practices when it comes to property, health, etc. such as in the case of racism (Spade 117). However, this model isn’t seen as oppressive because it operates under the framework of equality that the state claims.Show MoreRelatedThe Birth Control Pill And The Sexual Revolution884 Words   |  4 Pagesfor American women. This was the image that the United States portrayed around 60 years ago, not giving the same freedom that Americans can have today and express carelessly. During the 1960’s the United States experienced changes in its society that would affect the perspectives of future generations by turning our weakness es into strengths. During this time, the United States encountered many movements and opportunities due to the birth control pill and the Sexual Revolution. It was a great shiftRead MoreAmerica s War On Sex : The Continuing Attack On Law, Lust, And Liberty1722 Words   |  7 Pagesresearch that untangles the myths regarding aspects such as porn s actual effect to the society, the failure of the public policy, and the so-called activist judges (Klein 30). The paper provides my evidence regarding reading of the book, gives a thoughtful analysis and critique, besides the general evaluation of the book. The author’s primary assertions revolve on the following aspects, what must be done to stop the war on sexuality on an individual and the importance of sexual rights compared toRead MoreThe On The Battlefield Of Equality1625 Words   |  7 Pagesof birth control; these challenges led to an embracing of new ideas in fashion, sexuality, and equality. To begin, suffrage for women in America began in the mid 1800s and ended in 1920, when women in America were finally granted with this well-deserved right to vote. In America, suffrage began in the western state of Wyoming in 1869, where women had a slightly more equal role in the economy and were generally more accepted in politics and business (Streissguth 36). Following Wyoming s example,Read MoreIs Today s Society Becoming A Dystopian World?1313 Words   |  6 PagesAtwood provide warnings of how each author sees certain problems in society leading to dystopian states. Civilizations are forced to live by rules and for certain purposes to ensure the governments own goals and aspirations, but arise for different reasons. Atwood is concerned with political groups and aspects of feminism; The Handmaids Tale illustrates how declining birth rates could lead to a state where women are forced into bearing children. In contrast, when Orwell wrote 1984, just after WorldRead MoreMale Sex uality : Female Sexuality1024 Words   |  5 Pages Female Sexuality Female sexuality intertwines with Possessing the Secret of Joy by illustrating its power and those who fear it. History In the early nineteenth century, heightened female sexuality was considered a disorder (Studd, 2006). Doctors and psychiatrist sought ways to prevent â€Å"masturbation and decrease libido†. Issac Baker Brown- a gynecological surgeon removed the clitoris of a women who sought to use the Divorce Act of 1857 and leave her husbands as well as young women who read booksRead MoreHow The Importance Of Sexuality In China939 Words   |  4 Pages Research comparing how people in the United States are more widely accepted based on sexuality than other parts of the world, particularly focusing on China. In the United States sexuality is less biased and more widely accepted than in China, making it easier for people with different types of sexuality get more recognition and acceptance. Depending on where you are in the world human sexuality will constantly be contested and changed based on how people feel about other people, even if that meansRead MoreAnalysis Of Toni Morrisson s Sul a 1359 Words   |  6 Pages Steve Maraboli wrote, â€Å"Incredible change happens in your life when you decide to take control of what you do have power over, instead of craving control over what you don’t.† While perceptions towards female sexuality have become more and more liberal over time, they still tend towards an expediently bigoted dynamic in which women are only encouraged to be sexual to an extent. The idea of women being self-confident, even single-minded, in cultivating rousing sex lives is still often lookedRead MoreAbstinence Only Programs : Funding The Demolishment Of Human Rights1454 Words   |  6 Pagesmovie Mean Girls swarms the brains of teenagers all over the world. While this quote is quite extreme and is making a mockery of abstinence only programs, it’s analogous to what teachers across the nation are reciting to brainwash our youth. Abstinence-Until-Marriage programs are implemented in numerous high school and junior high schools across the country. While th e title seems promising, â€Å"Mathematica [Policy Research Inc. (on behalf of U. S. Department of Health and Human Services) found thatRead MoreSexuality In Bram Stokers Dracula1082 Words   |  5 PagesSexuality in Bram Stoker s DraculaBram Stoker s Dracula, favorably received by critics upon publication in 1897, entertained its Victorian audience with unspeakable horrors such as vampires invading bedrooms to prey on beautiful maidens under the guise of night. The novel s eroticism proved even more unspeakable. Received in the era of repression, it remains questionable whether Dracula s readership perceived the sexuality flowing from the page. An advocate for the censorship of sexual materialRead MoreReview Of The Quilt 1097 Words   |  5 PagesLauren Jackson Prompt #2 â€Å"The Quilt† TA: 15 February 2015 Role of Sexuality in â€Å"The Quilt† In my opinion, we are all born with natural sex. But gender is a socio-cultural and man-made classification. Symons that is coined with the gender â€Å"male† is â€Å"strength†, â€Å"power† and â€Å"domination†. Words that are representative of the gender â€Å"female† are â€Å"pretty†, â€Å"delicate† and â€Å"submissive†. Gender divides human beings based on sex. Gender creates restrictions on women in a socio-cultural manner, for example

Prehistoric Life During the Silurian Period

The Silurian period only lasted 30 or so million years, but this period of geologic history witnessed at least three major innovations in prehistoric life: the appearance of the first land plants, the subsequent colonization of dry land by the first terrestrial invertebrates, and the evolution of jawed fish, a huge evolutionary adaptation over previous marine vertebrates. The Silurian was the third period of the Paleozoic Era (542-250 million years ago), preceded the Cambrian and Ordovician periods and succeeded by the Devonian, Carboniferous and Permian periods. Climate and Geography Experts disagree about the climate of the Silurian period; global sea and air temperatures may have exceeded 110 or 120 degrees Fahrenheit, or they might have been more moderate (only 80 or 90 degrees). During the first half of the Silurian, much of the earths continents were covered by glaciers (a holdover from the end of the preceding Ordovician period), with climatic conditions moderating by the start of the ensuing Devonian. The giant supercontinent of Gondwana (which was destined to break apart hundreds of millions of years later into Antarctica, Australia, Africa and South America) gradually drifted into the far southern hemisphere, while the smaller continent of Laurentia (the future North America) straddled the equator. Marine Life During the Silurian Period Invertebrates. The Silurian period followed the first major global extinction on earth, at the end of the Ordovician, during which 75 percent of sea-dwelling genera went extinct. Within a few million years, though, most forms of life had pretty much recovered, especially arthropods, cephalopods, and the tiny organisms known as graptolites. One major development was the spread of reef ecosystems, which thrived on the borders of the earths evolving continents and hosted a wide diversity of corals, crinoids, and other tiny, community-dwelling animals. Giant sea scorpions — such as the three-foot-long Eurypterus — were also prominent during the Silurian, and were by far the biggest arthropods of their day. Vertebrates. The big news for vertebrate animals during the Silurian period was the evolution of jawed fish like Birkenia and Andreolepis, which represented a major improvement over their predecessors of the Ordovician period (such as Astraspis and Arandaspis). The evolution of jaws, and their accompanying teeth, allowed the prehistoric fish of the Silurian period to pursue a wider variety of prey, as well as to defend themselves against predators, and was a major engine of subsequent vertebrate evolution as the prey of these fish evolved various defenses (like greater speed). The Silurian also marked the appearance of the first identified lobe-finned fish, Psarepolis, which was ancestral to the pioneering tetrapods of the ensuing Devonian period. Plant Life During the Silurian Period The Silurian is the first period for which we have conclusive evidence of terrestrial plants — tiny, fossilized spores from obscure genera like Cooksonia and Baragwanathia. These early plants were no more than a few inches high, and thus possessed only rudimentary internal water-transport mechanisms, a technique that took tens of millions of years of subsequent evolutionary history to develop. Some botanists speculate that these Silurian plants actually evolved from freshwater algae (which would have collected on the surfaces of small puddles and lakes) rather than ocean-dwelling predecessors. Terrestrial Life During the Silurian Period As a general rule, wherever you find terrestrial plants, youll also find some kinds of animals. Paleontologists have found direct fossil evidence of the first land-dwelling millipedes and scorpions of the Silurian period, and other, comparably primitive terrestrial arthropods were almost certainly present as well. However, large land-dwelling animals were a development for the future, as vertebrates gradually learned how to colonize dry land. Next: the Devonian Period

Short Story - 1743 Words

No, she wouldn’t. That only leaves one more option and I’m standing across from it. A demon institution. A few of my former coworkers already stand in line, heads down, completely defeated. It’s what their lives have come to, where it will end or begin. It’s easy; you go in human and you walk out a demon†¦Or dead. Most die. The demon serum is like a flipping a coin and praying both sides are heads. A ninety-seven percent chance of death and a three percent chance of becoming a demon. It’s a hell of a chance and a last resort. But if it worked, if you became a demon, your life goes from rags to riches. From begging and working at the bottom, to a life of play and happiness. Or at least that’s what I’m told. And it also depends on where†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"Did you find something on the tour of the metal shop today?† I ask, brushing a bush of dark hair behind her ear. She shakes her head, trying not to burst with excitement. â€Å"Nope. Even better.† She grabs my hand and pulls me over to the table, forcing me to sit down. I lean over, untying my boots as she rustles through the bag. â€Å"It better not be another rat. As I’ve said time and time before, the rats on the streets are not pets†¦Ã¢â‚¬  I cut short as a bright green thing is waved in my face. My jaw goes slack as my gray eyes are glued to the thing. â€Å"Is that†¦um, is that a†¦an†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"An apple? No, it’s two.† She pulls out another one. This one is big and red. I snatch the red one, my finger carefully running across its smooth surface. It’s gold in my hands. That’s how valuable this apple is to me. I can’t remember the last time I actually saw fresh fruit, let alone held it. Fresh food isn’t a luxury for humans. Canned goods are all we get. â€Å"Where did you get these?† â€Å"On my way home from school. I was picking some charcoal from the burn bins, when†¦when um, they fell out of a truck. It had the†¦uh, um Demon label on it, so I figured it was still good,† she boasts after taking a bite. â€Å"Don’t worry. I was the only person around and no one saw me.† I place the apple down, exhaling deeply. These apples could be her death. â€Å"Kallau,† I whisper. â€Å"This food is the property of the Order. You do remember the punishment for stealing, right?† I don’tShow MoreRelatedshort story1018 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Short Stories:  Ã‚  Characteristics †¢Short  - Can usually be read in one sitting. †¢Concise:  Ã‚  Information offered in the story is relevant to the tale being told.  Ã‚  This is unlike a novel, where the story can diverge from the main plot †¢Usually tries to leave behind a  single impression  or effect.  Ã‚  Usually, though not always built around one character, place, idea, or act. †¢Because they are concise, writers depend on the reader bringing  personal experiences  and  prior knowledge  to the story. Four MajorRead MoreThe Short Stories Ideas For Writing A Short Story Essay1097 Words   |  5 Pageswriting a short story. Many a time, writers run out of these short story ideas upon exhausting their sources of short story ideas. If you are one of these writers, who have run out of short story ideas, and the deadline you have for coming up with a short story is running out, the short story writing prompts below will surely help you. Additionally, if you are being tormented by the blank Microsoft Word document staring at you because you are not able to come up with the best short story idea, youRead MoreShort Story1804 Words   |  8 PagesShort story: Definition and History. A  short story  like any other term does not have only one definition, it has many definitions, but all of them are similar in a general idea. According to The World Book Encyclopedia (1994, Vol. 12, L-354), â€Å"the short story is a short work of fiction that usually centers around a single incident. Because of its shorter length, the characters and situations are fewer and less complicated than those of a novel.† In the Cambridge Advanced Learner’s DictionaryRead MoreShort Stories648 Words   |  3 Pageswhat the title to the short story is. The short story theme I am going conduct on is â€Å"The Secret Life of Walter Mitty’ by James Thurber (1973). In this short story the literary elements being used is plot and symbols and the theme being full of distractions and disruption. The narrator is giving a third person point of view in sharing the thoughts of the characters. Walter Mitty the daydreamer is very humorous in the different plots of his dr ifting off. In the start of the story the plot, symbols,Read MoreShort Stories1125 Words   |  5 PagesThe themes of short stories are often relevant to real life? To what extent do you agree with this view? In the short stories â€Å"Miss Brill† and â€Å"Frau Brechenmacher attends a wedding† written by Katherine Mansfield, the themes which are relevant to real life in Miss Brill are isolation and appearance versus reality. Likewise Frau Brechenmacher suffers through isolation throughout the story and also male dominance is one of the major themes that are highlighted in the story. These themes areRead MoreShort Story and People1473 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Title: Story Of An Hour Author: Kate Chopin I. On The Elements / Literary Concepts The short story Story Of An Hour is all about the series of emotions that the protagonist, Mrs. Mallard showed to the readers. With the kind of plot of this short story, it actually refers to the moments that Mrs. Mallard knew that all this time, her husband was alive. For the symbol, I like the title of this short story because it actually symbolizes the time where Mrs. Mallard died with joy. And with thatRead MoreShort Story Essay1294 Words   |  6 PagesA short story concentrates on creating a single dynamic effect and is limited in character and situation. It is a language of maximum yet economical effect. Every word must do a job, sometimes several jobs. Short stories are filled with numerous language and sound devices. These language and sound devices create a stronger image of the scenario or the characters within the text, which contribute to the overall pre-designed effect.As it is shown in the metaphor lipstick bleeding gently in CinnamonRead MoreRacism in the Short Stor ies1837 Words   |  7 PagesOften we read stories that tell stories of mixing the grouping may not always be what is legal or what people consider moral at the time. The things that you can learn from someone who is not like you is amazing if people took the time to consider this before judging someone the world as we know it would be a completely different place. The notion to overlook someone because they are not the same race, gender, creed, religion seems to be the way of the world for a long time. Racism is so prevalentRead MoreThe Idol Short Story1728 Words   |  7 PagesThe short stories â€Å"The Idol† by Adolfo Bioy Casares and â€Å"Axolotl† by Julio Cortà ¡zar address the notion of obsession, and the resulting harm that can come from it. Like all addictions, obsession makes one feel overwhelmed, as a single thought comes to continuously intruding our mind, causing the individual to not be able to ignore these thoughts. In â€Å"Axolotl†, the narr ator is drawn upon the axolotls at the Jardin des Plantes aquarium and his fascination towards the axolotls becomes an obsession. InRead MoreGothic Short Story1447 Words   |  6 Pages The End. In the short story, â€Å"Emma Barrett,† the reader follows a search party group searching for a missing girl named Emma deep in a forest in Oregon. The story follows through first person narration by a group member named Holden. This story would be considered a gothic short story because of its use of setting, theme, symbolism, and literary devices used to portray the horror of a missing six-year-old girl. Plot is the literal chronological development of the story, the sequence of events

Intellectual Development Child Theory by Theorist, Piaget

High/ Scope is based upon a well-known child theorist Piaget and his intellectual development theory. His theory promotes realistic educational experiences geared to the child’s current stages of development, the constructive process of learning necessary to broaden emerging intellectual and social skills. (Morrison, 2010). High/scope helps teacher become more effective in their classrooms. Researchers have linked early intervention with infants to brain enhancement. By having direct action- physical and intellectual engagement with experiences – in addition to problem solving and repletion ensures that the synapses or neural pathways become stronger. (French, 2007). They develop competence and as a result, confidence and are intrinsically motivated to learn. Otherwise, when a child is exposed at an early age to interactions with an adults, through communications, play, and involvement on a regularly basis the child will develop the skills to be more aware and comfortab le in their environment and eager to learn new things. High/scope model is designed around the â€Å"whole child† their skills that they have not yet achieved and skills that they have already achieved. The goal is to learn the â€Å"whole child† and base the curriculum around their knowledge to promote, build upon and/or enhance their knowledge. Goals are created to educate but challenge the child not beyond their abilities. High/scope has three fundamentalShow MoreRelatedJean Piaget And Lev Vygotsky848 Words   |  4 Pagesare many theorists who have discovered different things about child development. Jean Piaget and Lev Vygotsky are two of those many theorists. Both of these theorists have their own beliefs on how children develop. Jean Piaget and Lev Vygotsky differ in their developmental theories, how their theories help the intellectual development in children and the similarities in their theories. A developmental theory is a theory that a scientist has proven to be true for a child’s development. AccordingRead MoreA Comparison of Theorists989 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿ A Comparison of Theorists Maliha-Sameen Saeed ECH-325 December 14, 2014 There are many great theorists for the Early Childhood Education. Lev Vygotsky and Jean Piaget are two of the many theorists that benefit the teachers and parents to comprehend their children learning development. The paper will compare the two theorists and their difference of their cognitive development. Jean Piaget vs. Lev Vygotsky Jean Piaget cognitive development theory explained the changes of logicalRead MorePiaget vs. Vygotsky1120 Words   |  5 PagesThe theory of cognitive development is defined as the development of the ability to think and reason. There are many theorists who have studied cognitive theories and the most famous is Jean Piaget. Cognitive development covers the physical and emotional stages of a child. The basic premise for cognitive development is to show the different stages of the development of a child so you can understand where the child might be in their development. Understanding cognitive development will betterRead MoreWgu Fht Task 11675 Words   |  7 PagesJessica Odessa Shepherd Human Development and Learning - FHT4 Western Governors University Student ID 259630 FHT4 - Task 1 Cognitive Development refers to the construction of the thought process that includes problem solving, remembering and the ability to make decisions, from childhood up to the adulthood stage. Cognitive/Intellectual Development is the ability to learn, reason, and analyze the fact that a process begins from infancy and progresses as the individual (Educational Psychology)Read MorePhysical Development And Child Development929 Words   |  4 PagesPhysical development may be the first thing that parents noticed when their child starts to develop, because it is the more physical and bigger movements for a child and baby to make. Physical development itself is ‘comprising changes in body size (growth) and proportions, the order and acquisition of motor skills, and perceptual and motor capacities’ (Doherty and Hughes, 2009, p.8). This is why parents see physical development first, it is not just the movements that the children achieve it is alsoRead MoreLanguage Acquisition13 36 Words   |  6 PagesRefer the theories of language acquisition (Behaviorist theories, nativist theories and interactionist theories) and write an evaluation of them.Consider the stages of language acquisition in the evaluation of these theories. Human language development is a huge debate between Nature Vs Nurture within theorists of various fields in psychology.There are three major schools of thought that will be mainly focused on; behaviourist, nativist (rationalist)Read MoreSocial and Moral Development Essay1092 Words   |  5 Pagesabout the intellectual, social and moral development of infants at birth and as they grow into adults are through the developmental theories. Some of the developmental theories are sexual development, social development and moral development. Both Jean Piaget and Lawrence Kohlberg view similarities as well as differences between the theories they each believe in regards to the development of a child social and moral development. Jean Piaget put forth the theory of cognitive development whereinRead MoreDiscuss Major Theories Of Human Development And Learning Essay1617 Words   |  7 PagesDiscuss major theories of human development and learning, including MÄ ori and Pasifika perspectives. This essay will discuss Jean Piaget, Lev Vygotsky and their theories as well as critical points from their theories and explain how they relate back to each theory. It will discuss how both of these theories can be applied to work in relation to a role in the Early Childhood sector. It will include Dr. Rangimarie Pere’s studies in education and how they compare to those of Piaget and Vygotsky. ThisRead MoreEducational Methods Influenced By Jean Piaget And Lev Vygotsky800 Words   |  4 Pagesresearch of Jean Piaget and Lev Vygotsky. Both of these men provided influential theories, which had a significant impact on evaluating children’s learning styles and abilities. After years of research and observation, Piaget determined that intellectual development is the result of the interaction of individual and environmental factors. He felt that as a child develops and always interacts with the world around him, knowledge was established. Through his observations of his child ren, Piaget developedRead MoreVygotsky And Vygotsky Theories Of Learning1257 Words   |  6 PagesTheories of learning In this essay, I will compare and contrast jean Piaget and lev Vygotsky theories of learning. First, I will discuss Piaget followed by Vygotsky then I will compare and contrast both theorists. Jean Piaget was a Swiss developmental psychologist and philosopher, he is known for his contribution to a theory of cognitive development. Piaget became interested in the reasons why children gave the wrong answers to questions that required logical thinking. He believed that these incorrect

History of Roman Theatre free essay sample

In Roman History, theatre was a huge part in the lives of Romans. The shows they put on were normally related to Greek theatre, and many of the writers for these live performances got their Ideas from the Greeks. Plays were not performed dally In Pompeii, usually only at festivals that were put on several times a year. There would be no business arouse that day, no stores were open the days of the plays and festivals. As well as the no business being done in the forum, everyone would focus mainly on the performed plays. Members of the town council had reserved seating ND didnt have to rush to get there like everyone else, upper class had a benefit with the seating when it came to those underneath them. Coins at the entrance indicated where the upper class would sit during the plays and those seats were given to them. We will write a custom essay sample on History of Roman Theatre or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The seats they sat on during the show were stone, which you would think is pretty uncomfortable. When citizens of Pompeii went to the plays, they often had to get there much quicker than the upper class, but not only that: they also brought their slaves to the plays with them. Roman theaters were designed for stage plays, and certain theaters were designed for different performances. Amphitheaters were designed for shows of gladiators and wild animals, the Circuses were famous and designed for chariot races, the Machine was the place for sea battles, and so on. Each theatre for the Romans meant a different type of play, and Romans loved to watch combat. The more realistic the violence, the more they enjoyed it. They especially liked to watch gladiator fights and blood sports, but there were more than Just combat shows. There were more theaters In Roman times, like the Done where they played music, read poetry, and held lectures. Theatres in Roman times were buildings in the shape of half a circle and they were built on level ground with seats that were stadium-style like they still are today to bring the audience up. These buildings were large, and although they held about 5,000 people In the first few built, they eventually could hold 15,000. The theatre was split in half with the auditorium (where everyone sat) and the orchestra (along with the stage. They also depended the seating on height and age. The stage in the Roman Theatre was about five feet high, and the stage was 20 40 feet deep and 100 300 feet long. There was a stage house behind the stage, a lot like what is called backstage nowadays, doors were placed in the center and on the sides, and right door was reserved for the second actor while the left door was for the person who was less Important. Dressing rooms were held In the side wings and the entrance the actors usually entered through was an opening that was curtained. In the history of Roman performances on stage, only men could act in them. There couldnt be any women actors. They were made to perform with masks and costumes on, and every mask and every costume identified what character you were. The first from the Greeks. They set up temporary stages closer to the temples where they would celebrate, and Roman theatre was associated with religious festivals for gods. Festivals that often held plays was Pollinates (honored the god Apollo), Romania (honored the god Jupiter), and Megacycles Cyber (honored Mother Goddess)

Government Employee and the Right to Strike free essay sample

Government Employees and Right to Strike – right to strike – At present, in the absence of any legislation in government employees the right to strike, recognizing their right to do so, or regulating the exercise of such right, they are prohibited from striking by express prohibition of MC No. 6 and as implied in EO 180. The 1987 Constitution, in the Article on Social Justice and Human Rights, provides that the State shall guarantee the rights of all workers to self-organization, collective bargaining and negotiations, and peaceful concerted activities, including the right to strike in accordance with law [Art. XIII, Sec. 31]. Resort to the intent of the framers of the organic law becomes helpful in understanding the meaning of these provisions.A reading of the proceedings of the Constitutional Commission that drafted the 1987 Constitution would show that in recognizing the right of government employees to organize, the commissioners intended to limit the right to the formation of unions or associations only, without including the right to strike. We will write a custom essay sample on Government Employee and the Right to Strike or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Considering that under the 1987 Constitution the civil service embraces all branches, subdivisions, instrumentalities, and agencies of the Government, including government-owned or controlled corporations with original charters [Art.