Is the Black Family Only A Myth? Essay -- Exploratory Essays Research

Is the Black Family Only A Myth? My objective for writing this essay on the black family was to examine and interrogate a myriad of stereotypes surrounding this family structure. Slavery and its inception need to be explored because it enables one to acquire a better understanding of the modern day black family. It is my hope that once we achieve this level of understanding, if not acceptance, that we may be able to start the healing process that is so necessary. THE MOYNIHAN REPORT. SINGLE PARENT FAMILIES. POVERTY. CHILDREN IN TROUBLE. The aforementioned are descriptions and reflections associated with the black family. Although these identifications are different, they all reflect one negative connotation. The connotation is that of families of African descent being "problem ridden" and "dysfunctional." Despite the fact that many families are dysfunctional, the question is: "Why are families of African descent frequently labeled as such ?" The state of black Americans and their families has been at the center of debate for decades. Biased and inaccurate reports such as the infamous Moynihan Report by Senator Daniel Patrick Moynihan have helped to solidify the false stereotypes surrounding the black family. Such reports and their counterparts have had a long and lasting detrimental effect . Em phasis has been placed on personal biases and racist testing procedures such as the Bitch Test instead of actual data and observation. The Bitch Test (as you can tell from its name), is very racist. It was an intelli gence test designed for children of African descent. This test unlike the Stanford - Binet IQ test, asked questions which were irrelevant to the child's IQ. Questions such as, "What type of car would you call a 'hoo... ...ression and inequality. Works Cited Bennett, Lerone. "The Ten Biggest Myths About The Black Family." Ebony November 1989. Billingsley, Andrew P.H.D. "Understanding African- American Family Diversity." The State Of Black America 1990., National Urban League, 1990. Bray, Rosemary. "So How Did I Get Here?" The New York Times Magazine 8 November 1992. Burgess, Norma. "Examining The Female - Headed Family." The Daily Orange 12 Ocotober 1992. Dubois, W.E.B. The Negro American Family. M.l.T. Press: Cambridge MA, 1970. Eshelman, Ross. The Family. Allyn & Bacon: Boston, Ma. 1991. Graves, Carl. "Challenges For The Black Family." Black Enterprise. December 1988. Mbiti, John. African Religions And Philosophy. Heinemann Educational Books: London, 1988. Yinger, Milton. A Minority Group In American Society. McGraw Hill: New York, 1965.

Financial Analysis of Amazon.com Inc.

This paper seeks to analyze the financial statements of Amazon. com Inc. for the years 2005, 2006 and 2007 by interpreting its profitability, liquidity, leverage and activity ratios and comparing the same with industry averages. This will also analyze the company’s growth rates, valuation ratios (price) and dividends and will employ horizontal and vertical analysis in process as needed. 2. Analysis and Discussion 2. 1 Profitability Return on equity of Amazon. com Inc. shows many things about the past performance of the company in the past five years.The continued decrease from 2005 through 2007 appears noticeable but the rates are still very high. . From 145. 93% in 2005, it has hugely decreased to 44. 08% in 2006 and further to 39. 77% in 2007. Such level of profitability is still very for purposes of determining a company’s profitability. Compared to industry average of 24. 9%, the company’s ROE is still higher. See Exhibit I in the Appendix. The range of 39% t o 145% return on equity encourages investors as it would mean that for every $100 investment, the investors expect returns of about $39 to $145. These rates could be viewed as something unprecedented for a company like Amazon.com Inc.. Its level of ROE is something that must be the envy of many other companies such as EBay Inc. , Enable Holdings and Friendly Auto Dealers, Inc (Yahoo Finance, 2008). It may be noted that return on equity is solved under the formula where net profit is divided by the total stockholders equity. When compared to an average rate of 1. 5% US base rate (Housepricecrash, 2008 ) if money was invested in a bank, the company’s would seem to offer more than twenty fold and it is something very difficult to find and would therefore make it very attractive to investors.The company’s return on assets for the years 2006 through 2008 ranges from 4% to 9% and which appears to be obviously lower that its ROE. The same may be observed in relation to the co mpany’s net profit margin for last three years and has not even exceeded 5% in any period. However, ROE must be superior in declaring the profitability of Amazon as compared to all other profitability ratios. Operating margin which measures within the range of 3 to 5% for the three years, represents the margin after deducting cost of sales or services and operating expenses.Things to be added or deducted still are other income(s). The ratios mean that the management of Amazon. com Inc. is doing well that it must thank its employee’s participation of employees in delivering value to customers. The net margins of the company for the three years are lower than operating profit margin, due to the additional deductions of interest expenses. The profitability ratios such as return to equity, operating profit margin and net profit margin have the capacity to show historical profitability but investors would base also their decision on estimates of the future.Since conditions change, wise users of financial information may just give more values to estimated cash flow in the future for valuing their investments in terms of dividends to be received from the company. This appears to be found in the case of Amazon as proved by high debt equity as would be discussed later in relation to its profitability. 2. 2. 2 Liquidity Liquidity enables a company to meet its currently maturing obligations. It is measured using the current ratio and the quick asset ratio.Current ratio calculation uses current assets to be divided to current liabilities while quick assets ratio is almost the same except that the inventory and prepaid expenses are being removed from the current assets to have a new numerator but the denominator is the same. Quick assets therefore normally include cash, marketable securities and accounts receivable and the use of quick asset ratio is very much relevant for one intending to have higher form of measuring liquidity. In such case, one would prefe r quick asset ratio over that of the current ratio.As applied now, the current ratios of Amazon. com Inc reflected 1. 39, 1. 33 and 1. 54 for the years 2007, 2006 and 2005 respectively while the quick asset ratios for same years are 1. 02, 0. 95 and 1. 19 for the same years respectively. See Exhibit I in the Appendix. Both ratios showed fluctuating trend where decreased was first noted and then increase followed after. The company’s liquidity may be considered to be still very high since current ratios average more than 1. 3 while quick asset ratio averages about more than 1.0 for the last three years. It current ratio for 2007 is very close to industry average of 1. 8 while its quick ratio of 1. 02 is not very far from industry average of 1. 6. Both its liquidity ratios are better when compared with S&P 500 index. See Exhibit I in the Appendix. The good liquidity appears to be a result also of good profitability of the company as observed earlier in terms of very high return on equity. 2. 2. 3 Leverage ratios Financial leverage or solvency refers to the company’s capacity to keep it stability over the long term.Generally measured by the debt to equity ratio, with the formula of having the total debt of the company divided by its total equity; a good financial leverage assures investors that the company is not to just to exist in the short term but it must also have a long life to recover long term investments which takes years to produce the needed returns. The debt to equity ratios of Amazon. com Inc. are 4. 42, 9. 12 and 14. 02 for the years 2007, 2006 and 2005 respectively. These ratios are however not as good as industry average of 0. 32. See Exhibit I in the Appendix .The ratios are indeed very high since the ratio of more than 4. 0 means that the value the company investments is not matched by what it borrows by about more than 400%. Remarkable Improvement were however recorded from 2005 through 2007. This must be due to its very high prof itability. This could mean that the company is expanding business as noted its net fixed assets reflecting growth rates of 25. 06%, 22. 53% and 67. 91%, the years 2007, 2006 and 2005 respectively. See Exhibit I in the Appendix. In other words, expansions are getting financed hugely from operations which is a sigh of a healthy company.Good solvency is a proof of good capital structure and for Amazon. com Inc. the same could be attainable as shown in the very remarkable improvement if its debt to equity ratio which cut more than half that on 2006 in 2007. Given also its very good liquidity as analyzed earlier, the company must be declared to have clean bill of health in financial terms. 2. 2. 4 Efficiency ratios The company’s profitability is being supported by its good efficiency ratios. Inventory turnovers for three years are very much higher than industry average and such efficiency is indicative of its better performance than competitors.Even its collection period and recei vable turnover are definitely above industry and S&P 500 index. No wonder the massive improvement in leverage ratio for two years is more than justified. 3. Conclusion Amazon. com is growing very remarkably in term of revenues, fixed assets, and net income. The increase in net income of more than 60% in 2007 is not easy to disregard and the fixed assets growth averaging more than 20% for the last three years could only mean an expanding company under a very favorable condition in the industry.Its profitability ratios, liquidity ratios, leverage ratios and activity ratios are very favorable to the company. Its profitability is sustaining not only its liquidity by keep improving is highly leverage financial condition. Although, 2007 liquidity and leverage ratios are not as good as industry averages, the chance that they could be improved soon by company’s profitability is very big given its higher than industry average ROE for the last three years. The activity ratios in terms of inventory turnover and receivable turnover in 2007 are higher than industry average which could only support for the company’s very high profitability.

The Wadsworth Athenaeum Of Art - 1419 Words

The Wadsworth Athenaeum of Art has been in existence since 1842. Located in Hartford, Connecticut, it is the nation’s oldest public art museum. The founder, Daniel Wadsworth, was a world-renowned art patron who acquired many famous works that would put his museum at the forefront of all its competitors. The museum has a impeccable reputation as a leader for innovation and experimentation due to its previous Director, A. Everett â€Å"Chick† Austin, Jr. Austin always pushed the envelop by continuing to feature new styles of art and different mediums of art. Currently, the museum is home to almost 50,000 pieces that vary from paintings to historical artifacts. The collection features pieces from over 5,000 years and is a big piece of not only Connecticut’s, but also a part of American history. The museum has many different collections but the one I was most impressed by its extensive collection of American Art that features paintings from the Hudson River School, Georgia O’Keefe, and Norma Rockwell, but also sculptures by other famous artist. During High School, I took an Environmental Science course that did not only cover the scientific aspects of the subject, but also the how the environment has been immortalized. We studied the Hudson River School and artist like Thomas Cole, Frederic Edwin Church, and Albert Bierstadt, whose works all featured the many environmental landscapes in their works. The Wadsworth has one of the largest collections of the Hudson River Schools

Euthanasia Is Not A Standard Form Of Care - 2076 Words

Assisted Suicide and Euthanasia are terms used to define the method in which a close relative and/or doctor of an ill or disabled individual, participates in an activity which directly or indirectly leads to the death of said individual (Garg, Chanana, Rai, Gargi, 2010). Due to the humanistic desire to end the individuals suffering and pain, the behavior is supported by the relative(s) and healthcare (Garg, Chanana, Rai, Gargi, 2010). Since euthanasia is not a standard form of care, the attitudes and practices of the matter vary. Amongst the different opinions of the method comes the separation of states. Throughout the United States, only four states have legalized physician-assisted suicide: Oregon, Vermont, Washington and Montana†¦show more content†¦Euthanasia by action/active euthanasia is defined as â€Å"intentionally causing a person’s death by performing an action such as by giving lethal injection.† And the last one, euthanasia by omission/passive eut hanasia, is not providing essential and conventional care deliberately and letting nature take its course. e.g. â€Å"not delivering cardio pulmonary resuscitation and allowing a person whose heart has stopped, to die.† (Garg, Chanana, Rai, Gargi, 2010). Starting with Pennsylvania, there is a consensus to why euthanasia should remain illegal in the state. Keep in mind, states are free to ban physician assisted suicide since there is no constitutional right protecting it. The topic is as controversial and sensitive as the abortion debate. Adversaries such as Pennsylvania argue that a medical professional’s job description does not entail ending a patient’s life and that it breaches a doctor’s oath as healers (FindLaw, 2014). Currently in Pennsylvania, anyone who intentionally aids or solicits another to commit suicide in Pennsylvania may be charged with a second-degree misdemeanor (one to two years in prison) and a $5,000 fine (FindLaw, 2014). This may include procuring the necessary supplies or confirming the plan through email or other communications, but without actually going through with the plan and attempting the suicide. If the person s actions actually cause a

Religion Is A Social Institution Essay - 1378 Words

Religion is a social institution dedicated to establishing a shared sense of identity, encouraging social integration, and offering believers a sense of meaning and purpose. Even though the participation of religious practices varies from place to place, it still continues to be a major force in the world and in individual lives. Each religion has unique content to it. Usually that includes a supernatural realm, such as heaven, but that does not necessarily mean it is outside our world. There are two ways to describe religion. First, sacred encompasses elements beyond everyday life that inspire respect, awe, and even fear. People interact with the sacred realm through practices such as praying or sacrifice. These practices help people accept what they cannot understand. The sacred realm exists in contrast to the profane, which includes the ordinary and commonplace. Different religions define their understanding of sacred and profane in different ways. A functionalist perspective focu ses less on what religion is and more on what religion does, with a particular importance and how it contributes to social order. Religion does not need to have gods or goddess, or an afterlife, because almost any social practice that strongly unites people and has a strong following, such as being a sports fan can have the same function as a religion. Emile Durkheim defined this functionalist approach with three focuses. First, it is important to have a unified system of beliefs. EachShow MoreRelatedReligion As A Social Institution1689 Words   |  7 PagesTo most people religion offers salvation, enlightenment, and an afterlife. In chapter twelve of the book, Miller defines Religion as a social institution consisting of the beliefs and practices associated with supernatural beings, powers, and forces. Miller also talked about how the root of all human religion is animism. 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Themes †of Mice and Men Free Essays

Of Mice and Men, a novella written by John Steinbeck, is a tragedy incorporating a hero with a tragic flaw, a climax, and a tragic resolution. The title of the novella, â€Å"Of Mice and Men†, is the first clue to Steinbeck’s specific cultural issues. The title is a line taken from a poem called, â€Å"To a Mouse†, by Robert Burns. We will write a custom essay sample on Themes – of Mice and Men or any similar topic only for you Order Now This poem talks about man’s enslavement to forces of both elemental and human nature which cannot be controlled, destroying hopes and dreams. This stems into the theme of the loss of the American Dream. Along with alienation, the American Dream is a major theme explored throughout the course of the novel. Of Mice and Men is a story about the nature of human dreams and aspirations and the forces that work against them. Humans give meaning to their lives by creating dreams. George and Lennie’s dream — to own a little farm of their own — is so central to Of Mice and Men that it appears in some form in five of the six chapters. The telling of the story, which George has done so often, becomes a ritual between the two men: George provides the narrative, and Lennie, who has difficulty remembering even simple instructions, finishes George’s sentences. To George, this dream of having their own place means independence, security, being their own boss, and, most importantly, being â€Å"somebody. † To Lennie, the dream is like the soft animals he pets: It means security, the responsibility of tending to the rabbits, and a sanctuary where he won’t have to be afraid. This theme not only applies to George and Lennie, but also to Candy and Crooks. To Candy, who sees the farm as a place where he can assert a responsibility he didn’t take when he let Carlson kill his dog, it offers security for old age and a home where he will fit in. For Crooks, the little farm will be a place where he can have self-respect, acceptance, and security. Having and sharing the dream, however, are not enough to bring it to life. Each man must make a sacrifice or battle some other force that seeks to steal the dream away. Some of these obstacles are external – the threat from Curley’s wife, Curley’s violence, and the societal prejudices that plague each man; others are internal – Lennie’s strength and his need to touch soft things. For George, the greatest threat to the dream is Lennie himself; ironically, it is Lennie who also makes the dream worthwhile. In addition to dreams, humans crave contact with others to give life meaning. Alienation is present throughout this novel. On the most obvious level, we see this isolation when the ranch hands go into town on Saturday night to ease their loneliness with alcohol and women. Similarly, Lennie goes into Crook’s room to find someone with whom to talk, and later Curley’s wife comes for the same reason. Crooks says, â€Å"A guy goes nuts if he ain’t got nobody. Don’t make no difference who the guy is, long’s he’s with you. † Even Slim mentions, â€Å"I seen the guys that go around on the ranches alone. That ain’t no good. They don’t have no fun. After a long time they get mean. † George’s taking care of Lennie and the dream of the farm are attempts to break the pattern of loneliness that is part of the human condition. Similarly, Lennie’s desire to pet soft things comes from his need to feel safe and secure, to touch something that gives him that feeling of not being alone in the world. For Lennie, the dream of the farm parallels that security. George and Lennie, however, similarly to the American Dream, are not the only characters who struggle against loneliness. Although present in all the characters to some degree, the theme of loneliness is most notably present in Candy, Crooks, and Curley’s wife. They all fight against their isolation in whatever way they can. Until its death, Candy’s dog stopped Candy from being alone in the world. After its death, Candy struggles against loneliness by sharing in George and Lennie’s dream. Curley’s wife is also lonely; she is the only female on the ranch, and her husband has forbidden anyone to talk with her. She combats her loneliness by flirting with the people on the ranch. Crooks is isolated because of his skin colour. As the only black man on the ranch, he is not allowed into the bunkhouse with the others, and he does not associate with them. Of Mice and Men is a novella that tries to explain what it means to be human. Man is a very small part of a very large universe; in the greater scheme of things, individuals come and go and leave very little, lasting marks. Yet deep inside all people is a longing for a place in nature — the desire for the land, roots, and a place to call â€Å"home. † Steinbeck explores the themes of the America Dream and alienation to portray the uncertainty of success. How to cite Themes – of Mice and Men, Essay examples

Information System Management Amazon

Questions: 1.Give a Brief Introduction of the Business. 2.What is the Innovative Business Model using IT? 3.What are Innovative Business Processes using IT? 4.What are the Innovative Products or Services offered using IT? 5.What are the Innovative Business Values? 6. What are the Revenue Streams or Revenue Model? 7.What Technologies are most Important for this Model (RFID, ROBOTICS, 3D Printing. Or all). 8.Evolution: How this model has been Emerged? 9.Leadership: Background of the people behind it.10.Who are the Stakeholders? 11.How do they do Competitive Advantage? Answers: 1.Introduction on Amazon Business The report depicts the importance of implementing Information Technology in Amazon.com. The organization was founded by Jeff Bezos in the year of 1995. Initially, Amazon created a virtual platform for the book lovers and used to serve books. Amazon.com serves their services to the consumers, sellers, buyers and enterprises all over the world (Amazon 2015). The company has recently built a mobile application for the consumers, which could be accessed by the consumers regardless of their location and time. The price range and delivery time for the products are comparatively less than other online stores. Thus, most of the consumers prefer to use this online store to get their desired products. The integrated Information System used by Amazon.com includes supply chain management and customer relationship management to the customers. Due to innovative business strategy, Amazon.com has become one of the most successful online business organizations. The Electronic commerce business model used by Amaazon.com is found to be very much beneficial from the business perspectives. As, the number of consumers for the organization is growing rapidly thus, they need to add certain business and information strategy to satisfy the consumers (Varia and Mathew 2014). They provide their comments and responses only for the branded products served by Amazon.com. From the current annual report of Amazon.com it has been found that, though certain consequences are associated to the system but still the revenue structure is higher than other online service providers. Moreover, in order to grab competitive advantages from marketplace the organization uses different innovative business strategies and integrated Information System. 2.Innovative Business Model Using IT Used by Amazon.com The Chief Executive officer of Amazon.com stated that the concept of Business model innovation is referred to as a new emerging technology nowadays and it is the core or base for the entrepreneurial startup. In order to speed up the delivery of products and services, RFID tagging technology has been introduced by Amazon (Girotra and Netessine 2013). With the help of this technology the products tracking and monitoring has become more efficient. The existing software and robotics based infrastructure of Amazon is merged up with RFID and thus the delivery has become faster than others. It helps the organization to gain competitive advantage from the marketplace. Recently Amazon has received a high quality deal of attention to plan for the unnamed aerial vehicles widely known as drone to deliver products rather services to the consumers regardless of their location. It also improved its automated warehouse with addition to a virtual work zone for the robot and workers at the same time. In order to resolve the existing business inefficiency, Amazon implemented a centrally controlled system that will provide a routing instruction to the business organization. The instruction will be provided to the robots those are outfitted with the RFID tags. The technology will help to boost up the productivity of private and public automated warehouse of Amazon. The Amazon Web Service (AWS) provides a wide range of accessibility, data storage, backup resilience and disaster recovery to the organization. The evolutionary business model of Amazon.com shows that from 1995 to 2010 the business model is continuously changing by the developers. The inventory changes according to changing year are as follows: Year Inventory changes 1995 An online book retailing portal 1999 An auction and zshops 2000 Marketplace 2001 Partnership and logistic as well 2002 e-commerce platform 2007 E books The business model canvas of Amazon.com is build up of 9 building blocks such as consumer segmentation, revenue stream, cost structure, different key resources, consumer relationship management, key partnership, channels, key activities and value positioning (Madduri et al. 2014). All the components of the business model are interrelated to each other and none of the component could be executed singly. The service oriented architecture of Amazon.com is distributive by nature and the decentralized service platform makes it more robust and scalable. Figure 1: Business Model Canvas of Amazon.com (Source: Girotra and Netessine 2013, pp- 540) 3.Innovative Business Processes Using IT used by Amazon.com With the help of new cloud service currently Amazon is serving a automated business process. In order to provide large scale management services and transaction throughput Amazon.com is adapting significant Business Process Management (BPM). With the help of Simple Work Flow (SWF) service launched by Amazon Web Service (AWS) the customers of Amazon.com are capable to access both the cloud based and on premises business applications (Kalin 2013). The technology driven components of the business process help the service providers to make effective control and co ordination with the implementation steps including tracking and monitoring. In order to create image processing, video encoding, infrastructure provisioning the business process of Amazon is using the Simple Web Flow (SWF). Different work flow of the business model plays different organizational tasks in a co-ordinate manner. The architecture of the business process includes the workers and the deciders as well. All the tasks o f SWF are executed with the help of the workers and the deciders. Different programming languages could be used for writing the workers and deciders with the help of the SWF by using the API web services (Slagel et al. 2015). The program could be executed in cloud, on premises or in both platforms. Before adapting the SWF an enterprise could also test its efficiency. Though, the business process of Amazon is not available all over the world but still they are trying to serve the requirement of the consumers. 4.Innovative Products or Services Offered by Amazon.com Amazon prime is referred to as membership programs that provides consumer access to the streaming video, music, e-books and free shipping also. This is a paid service that serves different sort of advantages to the consumers in terms of trial version. In order to get distinct advantages a user should subscribe to Amazon Prime. Amazon prime gives different deal and discounts to the users. Amazon Web Service (AWS) serves a large set of global could based products including computer, storage area, memory, data storage, analytics, networking, developing tools, management tools and internet of things also in terms of security and organizational application (Bernstein 2014). Another important service of Amazon is Amazon Go it is a new kind of store that has no associated checkout system. Amazon serves one of the most advanced shipping technologies and the free checkout shopping experience helps to get competitive advantages. Currently Amazon Go is open to the employees in the Beta programs but will be soon open for public also. Amazon has a cashier free self checkout system that is designed with the help of Robotics. Other list of products and services served by the organization are as follows: Products Services Amazon Advertising and Amazon Alexa Connects the brand to the consumers and serves Voice control system. Amazon Dash, Amazon Drive It is a good ordering services and it also serves unlimited backup, disaster recovery and application resilience for photos, video, files sharing Amazon Echo, Amazon Fire OS Hand free speaker for voice controlling and Fire range of devices for the employees d consumers also. Amazon Tap Portable Bluetooth and wi fi services for the consumers and for the employees at the same time. Amazon workspace and Amazon Web Services (AWS) Serves a suite of cloud computing services for the consumers. It serves a secured desktop that run on the AWS. 5.Innovative Business Values The robotics of Amazon is continuously focusing on Reimagination aspects for faster migration and continuous development. A better picture imagined by Amazon has developed an effective connection which is capable to drive a complex issue to a simple one (Irani 2015). The simplicity of the solutions helps to drive the business faster easier and consistence as well. It helps to mitigate the range of challenges by meeting the desired requirements of the consumers. Amazon store is using the RFID enabled tags abut they are not implementing it in their stores. The innovative business models used by Amazon B2B and B2C, provides value to its consumers. Mainly in order to meet the requirement of the consumers the business is focusing to become a consumer centric business model. As the number of distributors and manufacturers are entering to the B2B e-commerce business model, thus the business is becoming more capable to serve the desired strategies (Sultan 2013.). The innovative business strategies are found to be very much beneficial. The IT based model rather the integrated information system has efficiently built a supply chain management system and effective consumer relationship management system for achieving the desired business revenue model. 6.Different Revenue Streams or Revenue Model From the current scenario it has been found that Amazon.com is one of the greatest revenue generating online organization over the world. Due to the introduction of different innovative business models Amazon is making profit from the marketplace. Before implementation of this business process, the developer of the online organization has gone through a Regret Minimizing Framework. Amazon is capable to make a large set of money with the help of the additional business properties and E-commerce venture as well. Instead of short term impact Amazon is currently focusing on the long term business profit generating models (Zheng et al. 2014). The revenue stream of the business organization showed that they could easily beat their competitors. After adapting an automated system flow Amazon is efficiently grabbing a large number of consumers throughout the world regardless of their location. Not only is this but also the organization is investing a lot for building robots that will allow th e users to become more friendly. It is also able to automate the data warehouse process used by Amazon.com. In the initial phase the organization was not at all profitable from the business perspectives but after the implementation of Amazon Web Services (AWS), in the year of 2003, the business is exceeding the margin of the standard profit level. The revenue of AWS makes a 7% profit but the total revenue is all about 50% of the total revenue structure (Yadav 2013). Again the services and products served by Amazon.com are found to be the main reasons behind the success of the online organization. 7.Important Technologies in terms of RFID, ROBOTICS, 3D Printing Amazon.com is using B2B and B2C business model for their business development and different technologies such as ROBOTICS, RFID and 3D printing could be used for the business model. There technologies used by different business models have their own value and features. Each and every business features are effective and beneficial from the organizational perspectives. Microsoft has developed RFID as an alternative for 3D printing (DaSilva et al. 2013). In order to track a set of orders and for gathering information from different resources, for the manufacturer, barcodes and electronic chips these kind of applications are used by most of the online shopping supporting business organizations. The technology used for 3D printing is also known as additive manufacturing. Though, for most of the end products this technology is not fund to be cost efficient. The 3D printer provides a lower range of price point and high valued system features for the computing system. The high valued commerc ial expectation of Amazon services are running faster and the due to these innovation the shortcoming are mitigating at a rapid rate. Across the product spectrum, the speeds of the printers are increasing at a rapid rate. The concept of prototyping modeling has driven out the usage of the 3D printing. The RFID system works in two divided segments such as a tag or a label and a reader. The labels are associated to the transmitter and receiver to receive the radio frequency and transmit it to the desired location (McCreary and Kelly 2014). The Robotics of Amazon.com is looking for the continuous development and innovation In order to adapt large scale business growth, they are focusing on Reimagination. In order to turn complex business problems a simple solution, a better connection is required to be developed in terms of Reimagination. From the technological perspectives it has been found that 3D printing, robotics and RFID all of these are associated. 8.Evolution of the Business Model in Amazon The business models used by Amazon are B2B and B2C and about 800 pound of gorilla of the E-commerce has announced the launching story of the business models in the real world of application. After platform migration the developers realizes that implementation of B2B is a little harder than the others. The seller of amazon.com has offered their services in around 45 business specific categories (Klaus 2013). The category includes IT, tools and food at the same time. In addition to this, the features of the business model is consists of different business pricing, quality amount of discount, seller programs etc. Amazon performs an exceptional and efficient measure against the revenue per visitor that is referred to as one of the key measuring tool for the commercial website. In the initial day the organization used to serve only book for the book lovers butt gradually they implemented online website that was consists of several categories (Girotra and Netessine 2013). The major vision and the strategy of Amazon is to develop a consumer centric business model for the consumers. The Amazon online value positioning is communicative and it could communicate both online and offline. The online website is user friendly and through the online communicating platform the users and the service provider could interact with other efficiently. The consumers who want to access the official website of Amazon are required to register themselves with the website. Amazon has over 76 million of consumer accounts but only 1.3 million of sellers in the marketplace (Bergvall?Kreborn and Howcroft 2014). With the help of B2B business model the organization is capable to serve online secured payment service also. 9.Leadership Principle in Amazon While analyzing the leadership strategies for Amazon it has been found that the principles of leadership management are precisely used by the organization. The main leader behind the success of Amazon is Jeff Bezos. The leadership strategies helped the organization to operate efficiently (Varia and Mathew 2014). A list of leaders and executives are found while evaluating the success of the business organization. The founder of Amazon is the pioneer of e-commerce business strategies used in different business organization. The leaders motivate the employees to earn their trust and commitment at the same time. The leadership principles used in Amazon are as follows: Consumer obsession: The leaders of Amazon.com are strictly consumer focused and work at the backend of the business organization. In order to keep the trust of the consumers the organization is working vigorously (Madduri et al. 2014). They also keep their attention on the competitors to increase the growth revenue structure. Ownership: The business leaders are the owners and their active participation helps to increase the long terms values for the short term business results. The owner plays active roles behalf of other employees of the business organization. Invention and simplicity: The business leaders of Amazon are focused on innovation and invention from their project development team members (Kalin 2013). They are focused to new technologies development in order to simplify the work load and pressure. Hiring and developing the best: The leader of the HR department of Amazon, raise the bar of performance after each hiring approach. They look for exceptionally talented person who will be able to serve innovative ideas to others. 10.The List of Stakeholders of Amazon.Com Amazon is one of the most well-known online E-commerce organizations that is capable to satisfy their stakeholders throughout. It uses Carrolls model of corporate social responsibility (CSR) to measure the satisfaction of its stakeholder and the required responsibilities that are needed to be served by Amazon (Mathew and Varia 2014). From global aspect it is found that, Amazon should respond to the requirement of the stakeholders by evolving comprehensive CSR business strategies. With changing time Amazons stakeholders interest also keeps on changing. For global reach the condition needs a broad range of scope in terms of business strategy, policies and programs as well. It needs to provide more effort to satisfy their stakeholders. Amazon maintains the CSR to target the interest and requirement of the stakeholders (Bergvall?Kreborn and Howcroft 2014). Most of the E-commerce organizations face major challenges and pressure from the stakeholders and to avoid this problem, Amazon has d esigned an effective CSR program to gratify their stakeholders. The groups of stakeholders of Amazon are as follows: Consumers: The designed CSR provides high level of priority to its consumers. It has considered that consumers are their primary determinant to increase the business success. The mission and vision statement of Amazon implies this clearly as it highlights the centrality of the consumers. Amazons CSR has advanced communication and information strategies for secured transaction, logistics and product delivery as well (Varia and Mathew 2014.). By maintaining the competition among the sellers Amazon provides fair price with a maximum benefit. In order to ensure the consumer convenience, Amazon maintains advanced pricing and marketing mix business strategy. Employees: Employees are the group of significant determinants to Amazon as the organizational performance is dependent on their individual performances (McCreary and Kelly 2014). They provide high compensation, special training and development programs to develop their skills. Communities: It also maintains CSR for communities because they play important roles to change the perception regarding the services and products of the consumers. The interest of the community includes development support through education, environmental conservation and healthcare communities. 11.Competitive Advantages in Terms Of Porters Five Forces Amazon competes with many online organizations including smaller to larger online retail stores. Strong focus on the external market helps Amazon to enhance their resilient and conditional changes in the business organization (Amazon 2015). While evaluating the intensities of Amazon, the five factors that came under consideration include: Competitive rivalry: It competes against many large to medium online retail industries throughout the world. Most of the retail firms are found to be very much aggressive in nature and thus they exert a strong range of competition to Amazon. The major competitors of Amazon are Walmart, Flipkart, Myntra and many others. Due to high availability, Amazon has faced strong force of substitutes (Girotra and Netessine 2013). In order to achieve competitive advantages, they must adapt strategic priorities in terms of long terms competitive solution. Bargaining power of the buyers: The mission and vision statement of Amazon implies that, due to the consumer centric approach the consumers are capable to access a large set of category regarding sells and services. Bargaining power of the sellers: The suppliers control the availability while supplying materials to Amazon as per the requirements of the E-commerce operation (Mathew and Varia 2014). Amazon experiences moderate range of intensity for the bargaining power. Threat of the new entrants: The consumers of Amazon could easily access as per their needs and high availability of products help them to compete against medium to large business organization. Threats of the substitution: Many new business organizations are innovating everyday which provides potential threat to the online retails business of Amazon (Madduri et al. 2014). The consumers of the business organization could easily switch from one firm to the other whenever they want. Based on the external factors it has been found that, due to minor strategic issues, Amazons performance as an online retail industry is getting affected currently. Figure 2: Porters Five Forces for Amazon (Source: Madduri et al. 2014, pp-2269) From the overall discussion it could be concluded that, the marketing tools and technology used by Amazon are very much effective from the business perspectives and the goal of the business organization is becoming very much straight forward. From the Middle East and Arab word regional aspect it is found that due to the efficiency of the logistics, most of the people are interested in online shopping. Amazon is capable to grab a large set of consumers from this region only. The advanced and innovative business strategy and price range is comparatively lower than the other retail online organizations. It helps to increase the business revenue structure and due to this Amazon is capable to gain competitive advantages from the marketplace. In order to convert the analogue information to digital information application of digitization technology is the simplest way. Not only this but also Amazon.com is capable to prosumers also. The term prosumers means those consumers who are very much brand conscious. The products and services served by Amazon helps to build a consumer centric business and thus the revenue model of the organization are growing day by day. In order to simplify the Service work Flow (SWF) the implementation of AWS SDK a component of Java is found to be very effective and beneficial from the business perspectives. On the other hand, the electronic consumer unit and the Amazon Web service provide different offerings to the organizations. 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